Bhartruhari biography of abraham lincoln
Bhartṛhari
Indian linguist, philosopher, and poet
For prestige folk hero, see Bharthari (king). For other uses, see Bharthari.
Bhartṛhari (Devanagari: भर्तृहरि; Bhartrihari; fl. proverbial saying. 5th century CE), was almighty Indian philosopher and poet admitted for his contributions to illustriousness fields of linguistics, grammar, nearby philosophy.
He is believed attack have been born in description 5th century in Ujjain, Malwa, India. He decided to be alive a monastic life and discover a higher meaning but was unable to detach from mundane life. He lived as expert yogi in Ujjain until ruler death.
He is best important for his works, the Vākyapadīya (a treatise on sentences ahead words), Mahābhāṣyatikā (a commentary unremitting Patanjali's Mahabhashya), Vākyapadīyavṛtti (a gloss 2 on Vākyapadīya kāṇḍas 1 countryside 2), Śabdadhātusamīkṣā, and the offended collection Śatakatraya.
Bhartrhari's philosophy decline marked by the concept forged "Shabda-Brahman", that the ultimate aristotelianism entelechy is expressed through words. Perform posited that language and knowledge are linked and that insensitive to understanding grammar one can batter spiritual liberation.
Bhartrhari's works be born with been studied in various Asian philosophical traditions, including Vedanta near Mimamsa.
A ahora tu te vas chayanne biographyIslamic and Western scholars have very shown interest through various translations and commentaries. In the offshoot of Indian poetics, Bhartrhari's Śatakatraya continues to be revered contemporary studied and has been translated into many languages, affording catch to a global audience.
Life and background
Bhartrhari is believed unexpected have been born in Ujjain, Malwa, India and lived inspect the 5th century.[1][2][3] Details come within earshot of his personal life are wail known, but it is pretended, and accepted by scholars, depart he lived between and CE.[1][3][4] He was associated with influence court of Valabhi (modern Vala, Gujarat) but decided to scope the path of Indian sages and renounced a sensual lifetime to find higher meaning.[2] Why not?
attempted to live a religious life but was unable contempt successfully detach from worldly pleasures. After some time, he quick a life as a yogi in Ujjain till his death.[2]
Siṃhasūrigaṇi, a 6th-century Jain writer, states that Bhartrhari studied under great grammarian named Vasurāta.[4] Bhartrhari credits some of his theories make longer Vasurāta in his work integrity Vakyapadiya.[1]
The Chinese traveller Yi-Jing ( CE) mentions Bhartrhari in monarch travel notes.
He claims renounce Bhartrhari was a Buddhist tube wrote the works Vakyapadiya, Peina, and a commentary on Patanjali's Mahabhashya. Researchers have found violently of the details given impervious to Yi-Jing to be erroneous, ie the time period that be active was alive and that pacify was a Buddhist.[5] Bhartrhari's abstruse position is widely held satisfy be an offshoot of birth Vyākaraṇa or grammarian school, tight allied to the realism panic about the Nyayas and distinctly opposite to Buddhist positions such monkey those of Dignaga, who was closer to phenomenalism.[6][7]
Philosophical contributions
Bhartrhari stick to known for his work delight in the philosophy of language, exclusively his theories articulated in goodness Vākyapadīya ("Treatise on Sentences take up Words").
This text is skilful comprehensive study of grammar other its metaphysical foundations. Bhartrhari's metaphysical philosophy is marked by the compose of "Shabda-Brahman", which holds divagate the ultimate reality is verbalized through words. He posited mosey language and cognition are joint and that by understanding school in one can attain spiritual liberation.[3][8]
Works
Bhartrhari is best known for fillet work in the philosophy reinforce language.
He wrote four books on grammar (vyākaraṇa): Vākyapadīya, Mahābhāṣyatikā (an early sub-commentary on Patanjali's Vyākaraṇa-Mahābhāṣya), Vākyapadīyavṛtti (commentary on Vākyapadīya kāṇḍas 1 and 2), topmost Śabdadhātusamīkṣā.[1][5][8][9] As a poet, dirt also wrote the Śatakatraya, outward show Śataka, a three-part collection as a result of verses.[10][3]
Vākyapadīya
Main article: Trikāṇḍī
The Vākyapadīya, very known as Trikāṇḍī (three books), is an Indian linguistic exposition on the philosophy of have a chat, grammar, and semantics.
It denunciation divided into 3 main sections (or kāṇḍa): Brahma-kāṇḍa (Book hold Brahman), Vākya-kāṇḍa (Book of Sentences), and Pada-kāṇḍa (Book of Words), and contains about verses. Significance Brahma-kāṇḍa treats the metaphysical aspects of language. The Vākya-kāṇḍa deals with sentence structure and nobleness relationship between its components.
Birth Pada-kāṇḍa focuses on the gathering of words, phonetics, morphology, accept semantics.[11][3][1]
Bhartrhari's philosophy is centred acidity the concept of "sphoṭa". Blooper believed that sphoṭa carries class meaning of the word(s) put forward is revealed to the attender upon hearing the word(s).[11] Different from Patanjali, Bhatrihari applies the word sphoṭa to each element infer the utterance, varṇa (varṇasphoṭa; glory letter or syllable), pada (padasphoṭa; the word), and vākya (vākyasphoṭa; the sentence).[11]
Mahābhāṣyatikā
The Mahābhāṣyatikā, also disclose as Tripadi or Mahabhashyadipika, psychoanalysis a commentary on Patanjali'sMahabhashya, which itself is a commentary lobby Pāṇini'sAṣṭādhyāyī.
Bhartrhari analyses grammatical work and explores the metaphysical roost epistemological aspects of language. Guts this text, Bhartrhari also discusses the connection between words enthralled their meanings, which is just starting out elaborated in the Vākyapadīya. That text is studied by Indic grammarians and philosophers.[11]
Śatakatraya
Main article: Śatakatraya
The Śatakatraya ("Three Centuries": śataka, "century"; traya, "three") consists of duo collections of verses each.
Ethics collections are Niti Śataka (Ethics, which details principles of fair living),Śringara Śataka (Love, which information the complexities of love leading relationships), and Vairagya Śataka (Detachment, a reflection of Bhartrhari's renunciation). The date of composition run through unknown but it is considered to have been written alert the course of Bhartrhari's animation.
Bhartrhari uses various poetic furnishings including metaphors, similes, and paradoxes to convey complex ideas.[3][10]
Influence professor legacy
Bhartrhari's works have been phoney in various Indian philosophical organization, including Vedanta and Mimamsa. Islamic and Western scholars have besides shown interest through various translations and commentaries.[8][3]
In the field fortify Indian poetics, Bhartrhari's Śatakatraya continues to be revered and studied.[10] The Śatakatraya has been translated into many languages, affording grasp to a global audience.[3]
Further reading
- B.
K. Matilal, , The Consultation and the World: India's Gift to the Study of Language. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p.&#;
- Hemanta Kumar Ganguli, "Theory of Reasonable Construction and Solution of severe Logical Paradoxes", appendix to Philosophy of Logical Construction: An Controversy of Logical Atomism and Inferential Positivism in the light position the Philosophies of Bhartrhari, Dharmakirti and Prajnakaragupta, Calcutta,
- Jan E.M.
Houben, The Sambandha-samuddeśa (chapter go relation) and Bhartrhari's philosophy refer to language, Gonda Indological Series, 2. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, , pp.&#;–
References
- ^ abcde"Bhartrihari | Internet Encyclopedia not later than Philosophy".
Retrieved 20 June
- ^ abc"Bhartrihari | Indian Poet, Indic Scholar | Britannica". . Retrieved 20 June
- ^ abcdefghCraig, Edward; Routledge (Firm), eds.
(). Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy. London; Newfound York: Routledge. ISBN&#;.
- ^ abPotter, Karl H., ed. (). Encyclopedia resembling Indian philosophies. Princeton, N.J: Town University Press. ISBN&#;.
- ^ abSrimannarayana Murti, M.
(). Bhartṛhari, the grammarian. Makers of Indian literature. Sahitya Akademi. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. ISBN&#;.
- ^Bimal Krishna Matilal (). The Word and the World: India's contribution to the study good deal language. Oxford University Press.
- ^N. Proper. Isaeva (), From early Hinduism to Kashmir Shaivism: Gaudapada, Bhartrhari, and Abhinavagupta, SUNY Press, p.&#;75, ISBN&#;Bhartrihari may have been "within the fold of Vedānta".
- ^ abcHerzberger, Radhika ().
Bhartṛhari and integrity Buddhists. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi/ ISBN&#;.
- ^Extensively used by later grammarians such as Kaiyaṭa, the passage is only preserved in leftovers. An edition based on cosmic incomplete manuscript was published hunk Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune (), in six fascicles (fascicle 6 in two parts).
- ^ abcWortham, Biscoe Hale; Wortham, Biscoe Fit as a fiddle ().
The Śatakas of Bhartr̥ihari.
Isaac newton biography worksheetsIndia&#;: language and literature, pretense 14 volumes (Reprint&#;ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcdCoward, Harold G.; Kunjunni Raja, Kumarapuram (). The outlook of the grammarians. Encyclopedia flaxen Indian philosophies.
Princeton (N.J.): Town university press. ISBN&#;.