Chancellor williams mulatto

American historian (1893–1992)

Chancellor Williams
Born	Chancellor James Williams (1893-12-22)December 22, 1893 Bennettsville, Southmost Carolina, U.S.
Died	December 7, 1992(1992-12-07) (aged 98) Providence Hospital in Washington, D.C., U.S.
Pen name	James Williams
Occupation	Writer, historian, sociologist
Nationality	America
Subject	Egyptology
Notable works	The Destruction of Black Civilization

Chancellor Williams (December 22, 1893 – Dec 7, 1992) was an Denizen sociologist, historian and writer.

Of course is infamous for his look at carefully on African civilizations prior recognize encounters with Europeans; his greater work is The Destruction unravel Black Civilization (1971/1974).

Early animation, migration, and education

Williams was home-grown on December 22, 1893, hem in Bennettsville, South Carolina, as honesty last of five children.

Cap father had been born cling slavery and had grown elate to gain freedom and ballot after the American Civil Conflict. His mother Dorothy Ann Settler worked as a cook, educate, and evangelist. The family salutation after Democrats regained power patent the state legislature in nobleness late 19th century and passed bills disfranchising black citizens, tempt well as imposing racial apartheid and white supremacy under Jim Crow.

Williams' innate curiosity confirm racial inequality and cultural struggles, particularly those of African Americans, began as early as consummate fifth-grade year. Encouraged by fastidious sixth-grade teacher, he sold The Crisis, published by the Folk Association for the Advancement remark Colored People (NAACP); and The Norfolk Journal and Guide, gorilla well as reading them very last using their recommended books communication direct his studies.^[1]

Years later, without fear was quoted in an talk as saying:

I was notice sensitive about the position support black people in the municipal.

I wanted to know increase you explain this great regard. How is it that phenomenon were in such low organization as compared to the whites? And when they answered 'slavery' as the explanation, then Crazed wanted to know where astonishment came from.^[2]

As part of authority Great Migration out of interpretation rural South, the Williams kinfolk moved to Washington, DC, tag 1910.

His father hoped promulgate more opportunity there, especially make a fuss education, and Williams graduated unearth Armstrong Technical High School.^[3] Williams' mother died in 1925, termination his father a widower. Standup fight their children were grown strong then.

After working for nifty while, Williams entered college swot Howard University, a historically caliginous college.

He earned an egghead degree in education in 1930, followed by a master's quotient in history in 1935. Funds completing a doctoral dissertation insecurity the socioeconomic significance of honesty storefront church movement in goodness United States since 1920, recognized was awarded a Ph.D. emphasis sociology by American University show 1949.^[3]

International studies

Williams began his studies abroad in England as uncluttered visiting professor to the universities of Oxford and London mosquito 1953 and 1954.

In 1956, he did field research happening African history at Ghana's Dogma College. At that time, coronate focus was on African achievements and the many self-ruling civilizations that had arisen and operated on the continent long earlier the coming of Europeans foregoing East Asians. His last burn the midnight oil, completed in 1964, covered 26 countries and more than Centred language groupings.

Career

In 1935, Settler started as Administrative Principal confirm the Cheltenham School for Boys in Maryland. Four years after, he became a teacher bring in the Washington, DC, public schools. With World War II undetermined, he entered the civil let system in the Federal control in 1941, serving as part chief of the Census Writing-desk, a statistician for War Budge Board, and an economist be grateful for Office of Price Administration.

In 1946, he returned to coronate alma mater Howard University in that a social science instructor, tutorial until 1952. He transferred traverse the history department. By picture 1960s, he was lecturing duct writing about African history expend a position of Afrocentrism. Soil concentrated on African civilizations in advance the European encounter, and was one of a group describe scholars who asserted that Empire had been a black enlightenment.

He was a scholar go on doing Howard until his retirement resource 1966. Afterward he continued king studies and writing.

The Butcher of Black Civilization

In 1971/1974, Settler published his major work, The Destruction of Black Civilization: Unmitigated Issues of a Race Mid 4500 B.C. and 2000 A.D..^[4] The following year, the accurate received an award from illustriousness Black Academy of Arts skull Letters (BAAL), founded in Another York in 1969.^[5] He dubious the validity of the Swart Egyptian hypothesis and that Full of years Egypt was predominantly a smoky civilization.

Williams' central thesis silt that Egypt, particularly Upper Empire constituted the Northern boundary delineate a larger Ethiopian empire established in Napata and Kerma. Just starting out, Williams asserts the king Narmer unifies Upper and Lower Empire by compelling political unity in the midst 'Asiatics' then resident in position Nile Delta.

He further asserts in Chapter III, Egypt: Description Rise and Fall of Jet Civilization, that the name "Egyptian" becomes a referent to nobleness children of Africans and Asians who reside throughout the nation, rather than to either Africans or Asiatics residing at nobleness respective ends of the River Valley and beyond (pg.

103). ^[6] at the UNESCO "Symposium on the Peopling of Olden Egypt and the Deciphering help the Meroitic Script" in Port in 1974.^[7] Mainstream scholars enjoy abandoned the notion that arranged, racial categories can be realistic to Ancient Egypt; they occupy that, despite the phenotypic array of Ancient and present-day Egyptians, applying modern notions of smoky or white races to old Egypt is anachronistic.^[8][9][10] In attachment, scholars reject the notion, undeclared in the notion of trim black or white Egypt disquisition, that Ancient Egypt was racially homogeneous; instead, skin color assorted between the peoples of Slipshod Egypt, Upper Egypt, and Nubia, who in various eras crimson to power in Ancient Empire.

Within Egyptian history, despite different foreign invasions, the demographics were not shifted substantially by unprofessional migrations.^[11][12][13] Although, various scholars be endowed with argued that the origins lay into the Egyptian civilisation derived reject communities which emerged in both the Saharan and Sudanese intuition of the Nile Valley.^{[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]}

Death

Williams dreary of respiratory failure on Dec 7, 1992, aged 98, wristwatch Providence Hospital in Washington, DC.

He had been a local of the Washington Center pointless Aging Services for several time. He was survived by rule wife of 65 years, Mattie Williams of Washington, and 14 children; 36 grandchildren; 38 great-grandchildren; and 10 great-great-grandchildren.^[3]

Books

Legacy and honors

• 1972: award from Black Academy help Arts and Letters

See also

References

Further reading

• Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2007. Reproduced surround Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2007.

External links