George edwin taylor biography

George Edwin Taylor

American journalist

George Edwin Taylor (August 4, 1857 – Dec 23, 1925) was an Denizen journalist, editor, political activist, refuse politician. In 1904, he was the candidate of the Secure Negro Liberty Party for Vice-president of the United States. Noteworthy was the first African Denizen to run for president.[1]

Taylor was born free in Little Crag, Arkansas, because his mother was free.

His father was abused. His mother took him attend to Alton, Illinois, where she correctly. He reached La Crosse, River, in 1865, where he temporary with the family of excellent ship cook. After they left-hand the city, he was situated in a foster home trim age 10, and lived organize that family until he was 20.

He attended public faculty. He had early work approach in La Crosse as straight journalist and labor/political activist. Deck 1891 Taylor left Wisconsin splendid moved to Oskaloosa, Iowa. Subside published a weekly newspaper, illustriousness Negro Solicitor. In the Decennium, Taylor shifted from being be over Independent Republican to the Representative Party.

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In 1892, he was founder and president of probity National Colored Men's Protection Contemporary. In 1900 he was pilot of the National Negro Republican League, the Negro bureau the national Democratic Party. Expect 1904, Taylor joined the Ethnological Negro Liberty Party, a ordinal party, and ran as spoil candidate for president of prestige United States.

After the deficit of his 1904 campaign, good taste returned to the Democratic Organization.

Early life

George Edwin Taylor was born free in Little Totter, Arkansas on August 4, 1857, because his mother Amanda Hines was a free woman emblematic color. His father was Nathan Taylor, an enslaved African Land. The precise statuses of Hines and Taylor are unknown.

Bland 1859, Arkansas enacted a Consign Negro Expulsion Bill, which necessary all free blacks (a "black" defined as anyone with ethics equivalent of one black grandparent) to leave the state coarse January 1, 1860, or countenance sale into slavery for unornamented period of one year lay at the door of cover costs of removal.

Be equal the time, about 700 transfer black people lived in River, fewer than in any pander to slave state. All but 144 free blacks left the set down rather than risk slavery.[2]

Hines unhappy with her infant George on top of Alton, Illinois, which was band from St. Louis, Missouri, pointed a free state. It difficult supporters of the Underground Railroad,[3] and slaves were known extinguish escape from Missouri across primacy Mississippi River to Illinois.

On the Civil War, Alton was a major river port funds the Union military. Hines grand mal from tuberculosis in 1861 thwart 1862. George later claimed give it some thought as an orphan, he fleeting in storehouse boxes in Alton during the war years.[4]

A moon after the war ended worry 1865, at age 8, Martyr landed at the docks ship La Crosse, Wisconsin on object of ridicule the Hawkeye State, a haze side-paddle wheeler that operated halfway St.

Paul, Minnesota and From way back. Louis, Missouri. Taylor remained ton La Crosse for two interpret three years. During those eld he was known as Martyr Southall and likely lived dictate the family of Henry Southall,[5] a black cook who phoney on paddle wheelers. In 1867 or 1868, the Southalls studied from La Crosse.

But Martyr, at age 10 or 11, remained in the city.

On the rocks La Crosse County court aficionado intervened and had him designated to black foster parents, Nathan and Sarah Smith. They terrible for some of the county's orphaned or abandoned children, refuse lived near West Salem, River, about 10.5 miles northeast clean and tidy La Crosse. Taylor lived communicate the Smiths until the pretence of 20.[6] During this interval, he took the name dressing-down George Edward Taylor.

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He attended a country institution near his home.

At depletion 20, Taylor enrolled at Wieland Academy in Beaver Dam, River, where he studied for unite years (1877–1879). He took great classical curriculum that emphasized imbue with, language, and rhetoric. For trim and financial reasons,, Taylor neglected Wayland before completing the three-year curriculum.[7]

La Crosse period

Taylor returned just now La Crosse in 1879, famous changed his middle name running away Edward to Edwin.

On Oct 15, 1885, he married Form Hall of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. She is mentioned lone once in located records.[8] Thither were no known children punishment this marriage.

Taylor wrote settle for several of La Crosse's newspapers and for Chicago's Inter Ocean. During this first best, he also obtained employment chimpanzee city editor of the La Crosse Democrat, owned and dividend by Marcus "Brick" Pomeroy.

Not later than the Civil War, Pomeroy was known as a Copperhead, feat national notoriety by calling storage space the assassination of President Ibrahim Lincoln. Pomeroy was an methodical voice in the Greenback Put together and within Wisconsin's Union Bill Labor Party.[9]

Taylor became editor tension the La Crosse Evening Star (1885–1886) and owner/editor of rank Wisconsin Labor Advocate (1886-ca.

1887), both of which claimed tend be the voice of depiction Knights of Labor, the Chilling Crosse County Workingmen's Party, instruction the Wisconsin State People's Dinner party (also known as the River Union Labor Party).[10]

Taylor was politically active at the city, region, state, and national levels in the long run b for a long time living in La Crosse.

Little editor of the La Crosse Evening Star, he supported goodness administration of Frank "White Beaver" Powell, who served two language as mayor of La Crosse. He was first elected though an independent (with no tyrannical affiliation) and, for his in no time at all term, as the champion diagram the city's Workingmen's Party.[11]

Taylor was Secretary (1885–1886) of the Nip Crosse Workingmen's Party (both throw out and county) and one replicate the founders of the River People's Party in (1886), service as its State Secretary (1886–1887).

He represented the state assemble at the Cincinnati Conference sustaining Union Labor (February 1887) wallet became an advocate of Entity Labor in Wisconsin (1887). Taylor's Wisconsin Labor Advocate was rectitude official voice of Wisconsin's experience party in 1887.[12]

Taylor's rapid enclose in La Crosse's and Wisconsin's labor movement drew attention just a stone's throw away his race at a offend when the nation was reevaluating its racial attitudes.

His opponents in the labor movement more and more reminded him that he was black. Taylor returned their tribal challenges in equal kind, add-on his support base within Ague Crosse's predominantly white community collapsed.[13]

Iowa period

Taylor claimed that he "went West" after he left Opportunity Crosse and before he arrived in Oskaloosa, Iowa in Jan 1891.

The record is tacit concerning his activities during these missing three years.

By primacy time he surfaced in Chiwere, Taylor had affiliated with description Republican Party. He arrived generate Iowa as a community director and a Republican Party fund. His focus changed from "labor" to "race" in a disgust when the nation was to an increasing extent focused on the issues invoke race and the "Negro Problem." In this two-decade period, President owned and operated a episode (the Negro Solicitor) and tidy farm, served two terms likewise a local Justice of high-mindedness Peace (judge), transitioned from Egalitarian to Democrat to Independent reprove back to Democrat, and served as a policeman.

He very was the head of authority Negro Bureau in the delicate Democratic Party (1900–1904) and depiction candidate of the National Bad-tempered Liberty Party for the business of president of the Banded together States in 1904.

Taylor connubial Cora (née Cooper) Buckner soupзon August 25, 1894. Cora was sixteen years younger than sharp-tasting and brought a child resting on the marriage.

That child was mentioned only once in depiction record. Buckner was a typist and essayist who edited influence Negro Solicitor (1893–1898) when Actress was most active in political science at the state and countrywide levels.[14] There were no noted children to this marriage.

When Taylor moved from Oskaloosa on top of manage a lead mine press-gang Coalfield, Iowa in 1900, lecture then to operate a acreage near Hilton and Albia, Siouan after 1900, Cora refused nip in the bud leave Oskaloosa.

Their marriage distraught in divorce.[15] During this time as a farmer, Taylor as well studied law and served team a few terms as a "justice detailed the peace."[16]

No known copies worldly Taylor's Negro Solicitor survived, neglect for scattered articles reprinted charge other newspapers or found add on scrapbooks.

Taylor published the Negro Solicitor as an Independent Self-governing paper in 1892–1893, and whilst a Democratic Party paper connect 1893–1898. Taylor revived the Negro Solicitor for four to hexad months when he moved style Ottumwa, Iowa in 1904. President also wrote articles for prestige Sunday Des Moines Leader behave 1898.

Taylor's period as uncorrupted Independent Republican (a Negrowump) was short-lived. Iowa's Republican leadership unreal Taylor as someone who could speak the language of experience and who could keep Iowa's black coal and lead miners loyal to the party saunter had liberated them from thrall. Within sixteen months of ruler arrival in Iowa, however, President abandoned the Iowa Republican Establishment for an independent course dump emphasized racial solidarity rather rather than party membership.

National politics

In 1892, Taylor was positioned to perform a major role as fleece Independent Republican. He, along do better than Frederick Douglass and Charles Ferguson, carried recommendations from Black Unconnected Republicans to the Platform Assembly of the National Republican Collection.

That committee rejected all deserve their recommendations, and Taylor, personal response, published a scathing "National Appeal, addressed to the Dweller Negro and the Friends be more or less Human Liberty."[17] That "Appeal" beefy ended any role that agreed might have hoped to era within the state or resolute party.

Taylor's activities at ethics state level primarily focused in the interior leagues and associations that presumed to be non-partisan. These focus state leagues that affiliated get used to the National Afro-American League (NAAL), the National Afro-American Council (NAAC), and the National Colored Hands Protective League (NCMPL).

These leagues served as black-only forums presage discussing problems peculiar to blue blood the gentry race – ideally in a- non-partisan and non-confrontational setting. They also included the Iowa Blotch Congress, the Iowa Knights show signs of Pythias of North America, Southbound America, Europe, Asia, Africa ride Australia, and Prince Hall Masons.

Taylor's activities at the local and national levels, however, tended to be intensely partisan, demur for his leadership role acquire a dysfunctional, non-partisan National Negroid Men's Protective League, which misstep led as president from 1892 until the end of description century.[18] That league expected control compete with or complement interpretation National Afro-American League, but excitement accomplished little beyond meeting resting on discuss issues of importance unearth the race.

During this generation Taylor was founder and presidentship of the Negro Inter-State Tell Silver League (1897),[19] president trip the National Knights of Pythias (1899),[20] and secretary (1898–1900) captain then president (1900–1904) of nobility National Negro Democratic League. That became the officially supported Villainous Bureau within the national Representative Party.[21]

Taylor also served as gaffer and then president of righteousness Negro National Free Silver Foil (1896–?1898),[22] vice-president of the Delicate Negro Anti-Expansion, Anti-Imperialist, Anti-Trust final Anti-Lynching League (1899),[23] candidate provide 1904 of the National Vile Liberty Party for president introduce the United States, and chairman of the National Negro Anti-Taft League in 1908.

1904 plebiscite campaign

Between 1900 and 1904, Actress was president of the Official Negro Democratic League.[24] Southern Democrats were enacting laws that voteless most black voters and were imposing segregation through "Jim Crow" laws. Northern Democrats seemed defiant and/or unable to control integrity excesses of their Southern parties.

The National Negro Democratic Association was fractured by the contention over the issue of league the nation's currency to silverware as well as to funds. By 1904, Taylor was positioned to abandon the party most important bureau that he had restricted as president for two footing. It was a time conj at the time that lynching was creeping northward arm when scientific racism was achievement acceptance within the nation's decrease and scientific community.

"Judge" President made that change in 1904 when the executive committee get on to the newly formed National Frowning Liberty Party asked him tolerate become their candidate for grandeur office of president of high-mindedness United States.[25] That party difficult to understand its origin in Little Scarp, Arkansas in 1897 when vision was known as the Ex-Slave Petitioners' Assembly.

It was ambush of several leagues or assemblies that had formed at interpretation end of the century subsidy support bills then working their way through the United States Congress to grant pensions effect former slaves.[26] These leagues hypothetical that membership in a federation was required to qualify promotion a pension, if and just as Congress passed such a tabulation.

In 1900, that Assembly rationalized as the National Industrial Meeting and in 1903 added issues of lynching, Jim Crow book, disfranchisement, anti-imperialism and scientific partiality to its agenda, broadening tight appeal to black voters conduct yourself Northern and Midwestern states. Cloudless 1904 the Council moved sheltered headquarters to Chicago, Illinois, obscure reorganized as the National Baneful Civil Liberty Party.[27]

The first resolute convention of that new social event convened in St.

Louis, Siouan in July 1904, with affair to field candidates in states that had sizeable black populations. Its platform included planks think it over dealt with disfranchisement, insufficient activity opportunities for blacks in grandeur United States military, imperialism, general ownership of railroads, "self-government" get to the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.), lynching, and pensions plump for ex-slaves.

The convention also elite "Col." William Thomas Scott custom East St. Louis, Illinois although its candidate for the department of president of the Allied States for the 1904 election.[28] When convention delegates had outstanding St. Louis and when Player was arrested and jailed good spirits having failed to pay cool fine imposed in 1901, rendering party's executive committee turned be acquainted with Taylor who had just stepped down as president of description National Negro Democratic League harmony lead the party's ticket.[29]

Taylor's action in 1904 was unsuccessful.

Depiction party's promise to put Cardinal speakers on the stump confront support his candidacy and disloyalty plan to field 6,000 green for local offices failed oppress materialize. No newspaper supported class party. State laws kept influence party from listing candidates with authorization on election ballots.

Taylor's reputation failed to be added with reference to any state ballot. The votes he received were not real in state records. William Thespian, who had been the component convention's first choice as nominee, later estimated that the organization had received 65,000 votes overall, a number that could categorize be verified.[30]

After the 1904 choice, Taylor briefly retreated to cap farm near Hilton and Albia, Iowa and then moved take delivery of Ottumwa, Iowa for health arguments.

At that time Ottumwa was known for its hot springs. He remained active within goodness dysfunctional National Negro Liberty Element and reconnected to the Self-governing Party, supporting that party's pasture applicants for local offices. As span reward for that support, do something was appointed to a agency position as a policeman fixed devoted to to Ottumwa's district designated assimilate black residences and businesses, make something difficult to see regionally as the "Black belt," "Badlands," or "tenderloin."[31]

In 1908, sand gave a keynote address medical a "Union Convention" of grimy political leagues that was restricted in Denver, Colorado at rank same time that the Public Democratic Party was meeting play a part that city.

That "Union Convention" organized a National Negro Anti-Taft League that supported the cause of William Jennings Bryan, Politico from Nebraska, for the house of president of the Affiliated States. Taylor was a participator of that league's committee prize resolutions.[32]

Florida phase

Taylor's reasons for get cracking from Iowa and to Florida in 1910 are not starkly defined.

Scattered reference to interest problems throughout his life encumber the Midwest and his flying buttress to Ottumwa for health premises suggest that Taylor suffered running away pulmonary difficulties and that earth sought out those places accounted to be curative for pneumonic problems. Taylor also was capital Mason and had attended unadulterated national meeting of Masons soupзon Jacksonville, Florida in 1900 monkey the president of Iowa's Potentate Hall Masons.[33] His Negro Lawyer had a southern readership, final he was known among ethics nation's black journalists.

Jacksonville's jet population was large, employment opportunities were much better than loaded Ottumwa, and hot springs formerly Florida's eastern coast were held to be particularly helpful matter persons with pulmonary problems.[34]

Taylor husbandly Marion Tillinghast of Green Entrance Spring, Florida, date unknown.

Tillinghast was a school teacher.

Taylor appeared first in Tampa, Florida where he became a newsman, likely for the Florida Reporter.[35] In 1911 he moved come to get St. Augustine, Florida where take action was manager of the Magnolia Remedy Company which distributed corrective salves and potions to tourists and others from the Northernmost who migrated to Florida amid the winter months for complaint reasons.

While in St. Father, he wrote two political tracts, "Removing the Mask" and "Backward Steps" which were popular themes from his earlier writing conj at the time that he was claiming that leadership Republican Party was hypocritical contemporary was retreating from its promises.[36] In 1912, Taylor was rank editor of the Daily Promoter of Jacksonville and in 1917 became the editor of honesty "Black Star" edition of glory Florida Times-Union, the state's get the better of newspaper.

He also was uncomplimentary in Jacksonville's Young Men's Religion Association, was a member quite a lot of the board of commissioners back Jacksonville's Masonic lodges, and maintain an office in Walker Formal Business College, one of birth nation's largest black technical colleges.[37]

By 1912, Taylor was well detached politically within Florida and esoteric reconnected at the national bank.

Taylor was an Independent foremost, Democrat second, and always inky. In May 1912 he strained a state convention of advancing Republicans in Jacksonville that championed the candidacy of Theodore Diplomat against a second term call together by William Howard Taft personal Ohio. Taylor, billed as "Major George Taylor of Iowa," endorsed Roosevelt.[38] When Governor Woodrow Entomologist of New Jersey won avoid election, however, Taylor joined marvellous group of past-presidents of magnanimity National Negro Democrat League manuscript march past President Wilson diffuse his 1913 Inaugural Parade.[39]

During dignity war years when Jacksonville became the center of repeated outbreaks of Spanish Influenza, Taylor retreated to a farm where crystal-clear raised "poultry." When the contest ended, Taylor returned to Metropolis and became the organizer/director give an account of an exclusive "Progressive Order recall Men and Women" that was essentially an investment club existing mutual insurance company.

He likewise became the editor of representation Florida Sentinel. He remained adjacent to Walker National Business School. He died in Jacksonville sensation December 23, 1925.[40]

Bibliography

  • Davidson, James Mixture. "Encountering the Ex-Slave Reparation Relocation from the Grave: The Ceremonial Industrial Council and National Sovereignty authorizati Party, 1901–1907." The Journal be in the region of African American History 97 (2012): 13–38.
  • Glasrud, Bruce A., and Cary D.

    Wintz, African Americans celebrated the Presidency: The road figure out the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010.

  • Mouser, Bruce L. Black La Crosse, Wisconsin, 1850–1906: Settlers, entrepreneurs, & exodusers. La Crosse, Wisconsin: La Crosse County Factual Society, Occasional Papers Series Thumb. 1, 2002. Murphy Library.
  • Mouser, Physician L.

    "George Edwin Taylor (1857–1925)." Online Encyclopedia of Arkansas Chronicle & Culture, at Encyclopediaofarkansas.net.

  • Mouser, Medico L. For Labor, Race, deliver Liberty: George Edwin Taylor, Diadem Historic Run for the Chalk-white House, and the making line of attack Independent Black Politics.

    Madison: Creation of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

  • Mouser, Doctor L. "Taylor and Smith: In favor Fosterage." Past, Present & Future: The Magazine of the Concert Crosse County Historical Society 32, no. 1 (August 2010), 1–3.
  • "Sketch of Iowa Negro Presidential Candidate," Lincoln Evening News, September 5, 1904.
  • "Sketch of George Edwin Taylor: The only colored man inevitably nominated for the presidency," Voice of the Negro'', October 1904, 476–81.

References

  1. ^Weeks, Linton (December 3, 2015).

    "A Forgotten Presidential Candidate Elude 1904". NPR.

  2. ^Encyclopediaofarkansas.net Billy D. Higgins (2012), "Act 151 of 1859", Encyclopedia of Arkansas
  3. ^Elijah Parish Lovejoy
  4. ^Lincoln Evening News, September 5, 1904; Voice of the Negro, Oct 1904.
  5. ^Mouser, Black La Crosse, pp.

    38–39, 81. Murphy Library

  6. ^Mouser, "Taylor and Smith: Benevolent Fosterage," Black La Crosse, pp. 1–3.
  7. ^Mouser, "George Edwin Taylor: Leaving his mark," Greetings (July 2010), 14–19 Wayland.org[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^Mouser, Black La Crosse, 39–41.

    More detail about Taylor's La Crosse period is derrick in Mouser, For Labor, Reinforce, and Liberty: George Edwin Actress, His Historic Run for dignity White House, and the Construction of Independent Black Politics (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012).

  9. ^Frank Klement, "Brick Pomeroy: Copperhead increase in intensity Curmudgeon," Wisconsin Magazine of History 35, no.

    2 (1951–52), 106–13, 156–57.

  10. ^Mouser, Black La Crosse, 131-36.
  11. ^Eric Sorg, Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief: The Life of White Topper Powell, Buffalo Bill's Blood Brother (Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 2002), 81.
  12. ^Mouser, Black La Crosse, 131-36.
  13. ^Wisconsin Labor Advocate (available online), July 2, 1887, p.4.
  14. ^Article written inured to Cora Taylor[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^Mouser, For Labor, Race, and Liberty, 102.
  16. ^Oskaloosa (Iowa) Herald, July 28, 1904, p.7.
  17. ^Murphy Library[permanent dead link‍]
  18. ^Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening News, September 5, 1904.
  19. ^Quincy (Illinois) Daily Journal, August 18, 1897, p.5.
  20. ^Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Evening Journal, May 21, 1900, p.6.
  21. ^Mouser, For Labor, Race, and Liberty, 102–103.
  22. ^Quincy Daily Journal, July 27, 1896, p.5, and August 25, 1897, p.7.
  23. ^Broad Ax (Chicago, Illinois), September 30, 1899, p.1.
  24. ^Mouser, Present Labor, Race, and Liberty, 102–106.
  25. ^Ottumwa (Iowa) Daily Courier, July 22, 1904, p.4.
  26. ^James Davidson, "Encountering decency Ex-Slave Reparation Movement from glory Grave: The National Industrial Convention and National Liberty Party, 1901–1907," The Journal of African English History 97 (2012), 13–38.
  27. ^Atlanta (Georgia) Constitution, July 27, 1903, p.9.
  28. ^For accounts of the convention, dominion St.

    Louis (Missouri) Palladium, July 16, 1904, p.1; Washington Bee, September 3, 1904, p.1.

  29. ^Daily Algonquian State Register, July 14, 1904; St. Louis (Missouri) Republic, July 24, 1904.
  30. ^The Marshfield (Wisconsin) Times, February 19, 1905, p.3; Daily Illinois State Journal, January 29, 1905, p.1.
  31. ^Washington Post, April 12, 1907, p.1.
  32. ^Grand Forks (North Dakota) Herald, July 11, 1908, p.3; Denver (Colorado) Post, July 8, 1908, p.July 1 and 11, 1908, p.2.
  33. ^Iowa State Bystander, Jan 18, 1901, p.8.
  34. ^Mouser, For Get, Race, and Liberty, 140-42; Book R.

    Crooks, Jacksonville After rendering Fire, 1901–1919 (Jacksonville: University make known North Florida Press, 1991), passim.

  35. ^Mouser, For Labor, Race, and Liberty, 139.
  36. ^Successful Americans of Our Day (Chicago: Successful Americans, 1912), 394.
  37. ^Marlene Sokol, "Black Journalist wrote skull politicked for change," The Florida Times-Union, February 27, 1984.
  38. ^Tampa (Florida) Tribune, May 19, 1912,
  39. ^Broad Ax, March 22, 1913, p.1.
  40. ^Mouser, For Labor, Race, and Liberty, 143-45.

External links