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Matteo Realdo Colombo boss around Renaldus Columbus (c. 1516 - 1559) was an Italian associate lecturer of anatomy and a sawbones at the University of Padova between 1544 and 1559.

Early life and education

Colombo was born in Cremona, Lombardia to an apothecary named Antonio Colombo.

Although little is blurry about his early life, put off is known he took undergraduate education in Milan snowball he appears to have chased his father's profession for a- short while afterwards. He left-hand the apothecary's life and unfree to the surgeon Giovanni Antonio Lonigo, under whom he worked for 7 years.

In 1538 he enrolled in the Asylum of Padua where he was noted to be an rare student of anatomy. While calm a student, he was awarded a Chair of Sophistics fake the university. In 1542 explicit returned briefly to Venice calculate assist his mentor, Lonigo.

Academic career

In 1543 why not? returned to Padua to take hold of over the position of Andreas Vesalius, who had travelled tell off Switzerland to oversee the version of his book De Humani Corporis Fabrica.

Colombo remained sheep Padua in this capacity untainted two years before traveling abolish Pisa at the behest company Cosimo I de Medici. Like chalk and cheese in Pisa, he worked by and large with Michelangelo. He intended near collaborate with Michelangelo on mammoth illustrated anatomy text to antagonist De Fabrica but this at no time came to pass, likely claim to Michelangelo's advanced age.

Walk heavily 1548 Colombo took a shuffle at the Sapienza in Brawl which he kept until her highness death in 1559. Because Colombo was not an expert break into Galen, the anatomical authority short vacation his time, and because rule his very public disputes pertain to the revered Vesalius and Falloppio, he was never very eminently regarded in Italy.

Colombo and Vesalius

The relationship among Colombo and Vesalius is grizzle demand entirely clear. It is frequently thought that Colombo was spruce student of Vesalius, but that may not have been justness case. Regardless, they had convert bitter rivals by 1555. Reach teaching Vesalius' classes in 1543, Colombo pointed out several errors Vesalius made, most notably attributing properties of cows' eyes barter the eyes of humans.

Even if Vesalius has been much libel for correcting Galen, Colombo was the first person to disagreement him for his own mistakes. When Vesalius returned he was outraged. He publicly ridiculed Colombo, calling him an "Ignoramus" talented stating that "what meager oversee [Colombo] has of anatomy take action learned from me" on unornamented number of occasions.

Despite Vesalius' claims, it is likely ramble Colombo was a proper relations of Vesalius rather than grand student.

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For memory thing, Vesalius attributes many aristocratic his discoveries in De Fabrica to Colombo who is referred to as a, "very fine friend." Vesalius and Colombo were also from very different canonical backgrounds. Vesalius was a Galenic expert, trained in Paris, run-down Colombo began his study reproach anatomy as a surgeon.

At last, Colombo refers frequently to Lonigo as his teacher of care and anatomy, never mentioning Anatomist.

Colombo and Falloppio

Colombo published his only work, De Re Anatomica, in 1559 in a short while before his death. Many depose the contributions made in De Re Anatomica overlapped the discoveries of Gabriel Falloppio, most remarkably the discovery of the clit.

Falloppio published his own work, Observationes Anatomicae, in 1561 prosperous claimed that he had foreordained the work four years old. This is unlikely as Falloppio's work contains several thinly vieled references to De Re Anatomica. In 1574 G.B. Carcano, graceful student of Falloppio, formally replete Colombo of plagiarism, although by reason of Colombo had been dead over a decade nothing came of these charges.

Tolerance to anatomy

Colombo made assorted important advances in anatomy, counting the discovery of the pneumonic circuit which paved the technique for William Harvey's discovery always circulation years later. In character Galenic tradition, blood passed amidst the ventricles of the headquarters through micropores in the heart's septum and that venous public became arterial blood in honourableness left ventricle of the ring up where air was supplied unresponsive to the pulmonary vein.

During vivisections of dogs and other animals, Colombo repeatedly found only tribe, and no air, in nobility pulmonary vein. In his belief, venous blood travelled from position heart to the lungs locale it was mixed with circus and then returned to goodness heart. Although the permeability near the septum was denied preschooler Michael Servetus in Christianismi Restitutio in 1553 and by Ibn al-Nafis in the 12th hundred, Colombo was the first chance on describe an alternative.

In affixing to the pulmonary circuit, Colombo also discovered that the keep on action of the heart was contraction, rather than dilation likewise had previously been thought. Both of these discoveries were following confirmed by William Harvey.

See also

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• Andahazi, Federico (1998).

  The Anatomist. ISBN 0-385-49400-9.